基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的，分析句子主要抓这些部分， 就可以了解大意， 不要让定语，状语，还有从句等迷惑你的视线。
1 主语+不及物动词（S+V）
所谓不及物动词，就是后边不可以直接接宾语。常见的有:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。
例1： I work。我工作。
例2： The moon rose。月亮升起来了。
例3： We all breathe, eat, and drink。我们都呼吸，吃，喝。
例4： What he said does not matter。他说什么无关紧要。
2 主语+连系动词+表语（SVP）
例1： This is an English-Chinese dictionary。这是一本英汉词典。
例2： He fell in love。他坠于爱河。
例3： Everything looks different。一切看起来都不同了
例4： He is growing tall and strong。他长得又高又壮
例5：The trouble is that they are short of money。问题是他们缺钱
3 主语+及物动词+宾语 （SVO）
例1： Who knows the answer？ 谁知道答案？
例2： She smiled her thanks。她微笑表示感谢。
例3： He has refused to help them。他拒绝帮助他们。
例4： I want to have a cup of tea。我想喝杯茶。
例5： He admits that he was mistaken。他承认他错了。
4 主语+动词+宾语+补语 （SVOC）
例1： She cooked her husband a delicious meal。她为她丈夫做了一顿美味的饭。
例2： He denies her nothing。他对她什么都不否认。
例3： I told him that the bus was late。我告诉他公共汽车晚点了。
例4： He showed me how to run the machine。他教我如何操作这台机器。
例5： Time would prove me right。时间会证明我是对的。
5 主语+动词+间接宾语+ 直接宾语（S+V+Oi+Od）
例1： My mother made me a new dress。我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
例2： They appointed him manager。他们任命他为经理。
例3： This set them thinking。这使他们陷入思考。
例4： They found the house deserted。他们发现那所房子空无一人。
例5： What makes him think so? 什么使得他这样想？
例6： We saw him out。我们看见他出去了。
例7： I saw them getting on the bus。我看见他们上了公共汽车。
例8： The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户。
例9： I often find him at work。我经常发现他在工作。
注意：
及物动词指可以接名词、代词、动名词做宾语的动词。若不及物动词后要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，如to,of,at后方可跟上宾语。具体用什么介词就得看动词短语了。
（一）按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、否定句、判断句、数词句、比较句、假设句、转折句、倒装句、强调句、等等。
1） 陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
例：Light travels faster than sound。 光比声速度快。 （说明事实）
例：The film is rather boring。 这部电影很乏味。 （说明看法）
2） 疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种：
a。 一般疑问句（General Questions）：
例：Can you finish the work in time?你能按时完成工作吗？
b。 特殊疑问句（W Questions; H Questions）：
例：Where do you live? 你住那儿？ How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？
c。 选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）：
例：Do you want tea or coffee?你是要茶还是要咖啡？
d。 反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：
例：He doesn't know her，does he?他不认识她，对不对？
3） 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令。
例：Sit down， please。 请坐。
例：Don't be nervous! 别紧张！
4） 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。
例：What good news it is! 多好的消息啊！
5） 否定句。
例：I don't know this。 No news is good news。我不知道这个。没有消息就是好消息。
例：He went to his office， not to see him。他去了办公室，不是去看他。
6）判断句。
例：It is important for us to learn English。对我们来说学英语是很重要的。
例：That sounds all right， but in fact it is not。那听起来不错，但实际上并非如此。
7） 数词句。
例：It is exactly ten o'clock。现在正是十点钟。
例：He is 20 years (old/years) of age。他20岁了。
8）比较句。
例：He is the same height as I。他和我一样高。
例：I speak English worse than he does。我英语说得比他还差。
9）假设句。
例：If we succeed，what will the people say? 如果我们成功了，人们会怎么说？
例：If only I have another chance, I shall do better。只要再给我一次机会，我就会做得更好。
10） 转折句。
例：I searched everywhere but could not find him。我到处找，但没有找到他。
例：You may go, only return quickly。你可以走，但要快回来。
11）倒装句。
He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭
She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。
12）强调句。英语常用的强调结构是"It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that)..."。被强调部分指人时,用who;指事物时用that,但that也可以指人。有时也可用which来代替that。
例：强调 It was yesterday that he met Li Ping。他是在昨天遇见李平的。
例：强调 Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping？ 他是昨天遇见李平的吗？
例：普通 He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back。直到他妻子回来他才去睡觉。
例：强调 It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed。直到他妻子回来他才上床睡觉。
1） 简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。
例： She is fond of collecting stamps。 她喜欢集邮。 (主) (谓)
2） 并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。
例：The food was good， but he had little appetite。食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。(主) (谓) (主)(谓)
3） 复合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导。
例如： The film had begun when we got to the cinema。（主句；从句）我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。
几类从句（复合句）：
A：定语从句（也叫关系从句）定语从句主要通过关系代名词法构成。
例：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle。玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
例：The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful。我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
例：Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？(作宾语)
B：状语从句。可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
①时间状语从句：常用引导词:when(在…时), as(当…时), while(在…期间), before(在…之前), after(在...之后), since(自从...以来) , not...until(直到…才)until/till(直到…时)等
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.当约翰看电视时，他的妻子正在做饭。
②地点状语从句：常用引导词:where
特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere等等。
Wherever you go, you should work hard.无论你去哪里，你都应该努力工作。
③原因状语从句常用引导词:because, since, as,特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that等等。
My friends dislike me because I'm handsome and successful.我的朋友都不喜欢我，因为我又英俊又成功。
④条件状语从句常用引导词:if, unless,whether(whether...or not)特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if,等等。
We'll start our project if the president agrees.如果总统同意，我们将开始我们的项目。
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.只要你继续努力，你一定会成功的。
⑤目的状语从句（略）
⑥让步状语从句（略）
⑦比较状语从句（略）
⑧方式状语从句（略）
⑨结果状语从句（略）
C：名词性从句：分为四种情况:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。这是因为它在一个句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。当一个句子放在句中作这些成分的时候，这个句子就被称为相应的从句。
1.主语从句：作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear。他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown。谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer。我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
2.宾语从句：引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
(1)由连接词that引导的宾语从句，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow。他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing。我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。
(2)用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如:
I want to know what he has told you。我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well。她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
3.表语从句：引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。例如：
The fact is that we have lost the game。事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’s just what I want。这正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies。这就是我们的问题所在。
4.同位语从句：同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，message，news，order，problem，wish，word等。例如：
The news that we won the game is exciting。我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will come back home。我不知道他什么时候回家。
（英语常用的62个英语句型 ）
句型1：There＋be ＋主语＋地点状语/ 时间状语
There’s a boat in the river. 河里有条船。
句型2：What’s wrong with＋sb. / sth. ？
What’s wrong with your watch？你的手表有什么毛病？
句型3：How do you like...？
How do you like China？你觉得中国怎么样？
句型4：What do you like about...？
What do you like about China？你喜欢中国的什么？
句型5：had better（not）＋动词原形
You’d better ask that policeman over there. 你最好去问问那边的那个警察。
句型6：How＋adj. / adv. ＋主语＋谓语！
What a/ an＋adj. ＋n. ＋主语＋谓语！
How cold it is today ！今天多冷啊！
What a fine picture it is！多美的一幅图画呀！
句型7：Thank＋sb. ＋for（doing）sth.
Thank you for coming to see me. 感谢你来看我。
句型8：So＋be/ 情态动词/ 助动词＋主语
He is a student. So am I. 他是一个学生，我也是。
句型9：... not ... until ...
He didn’t have supper until his parents came back. 直到他的父母回来他才吃饭。
句型10：比较级＋and＋比较级
The baby cried harder and harder. 那孩子哭得越来越厉害。
句型11：the ＋比较级，the ＋比较级
The more one has，the more one wants. 越有越贪。
句型12：... as ＋adj./ adv.＋as ...
…not as(so) ＋adj. / adv. ＋as ...
Do you think that art is as important as music？你认为艺术和音乐一样重要吗？
Last Sunday the weather was not so wet as it is today. 上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气潮湿。
句型13：more/ less ＋adj.＋than...
I think art is less important than music. 我认为艺术不如音乐重要。
句型14：stop…from doing sth.
The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 绿色长城将阻挡风吹走土壤。
句型15：both ... and ...
Both you and I are students. 我和你都是学生。
句型16：either ... or...
Either you or he is wrong . 不是你错就是他错。
句型17：neither ... nor ...
Neither he nor I am a student. 我和他都不是学生。
句型18：... as soon as ...
As soon as I see him，I’ll give him the message. 我一见到他，我就把你的消息告诉他。
句型19：... so＋adj. / adv.＋that ...
I was so tired that I didn’t want to speak. 我累得连话也不想说了。
句型20：Though...＋主句
Though I like writing to my pen-friend，it takes a lot of time. 虽然我喜欢给笔友写信，但它要耗费我大量时间。
句型21：be going to
This afternoon I’m going to buy a Qisu English book. 今天下午我要去买本奇速英语书。
句型22：be different from
I think this is different from Chinese names. 我认为这与汉语名字不同。
句型23：Welcome（back）to...
Welcome back to school！欢迎回到学校！
句型24：have fun doing
We’re going to have fun learning and speaking English this term. 这学期我们将兴味盎然地学习和讲英语。
句型25：... because ... / ...，so ...
I don’t know all your names because this is our first lesson. 因为这是我们的第一节课，所以我并不知道你们所有人的名字。
句型26：Why don’t you ... / Why not ...
Why don’t you come to school a little earlier?为什么不早点到校呢？
句型27：make it
Let’s make it half past nine. 让我们定在九点半吧！
句型28：have nothing to do
They have nothing to do every day. 他们每天无所事事。
句型29：be sure/ be sure of/ about sth. / be sure to do sb.
I think so, but I’m not sure. 我想是这样，但不敢确定。
I was not sure of / about the way，so I asked someone. 我对于怎么走没有把握，所以我问别人了。
句型30：between ... and ...
There is a shop between the hospital and the school. 在那家医院和那所学校之间有一家商店。
句型31：keep sb. / sth. ＋adj./ V-ing/ 介词补语/ adv.
You must keep your classroom clean. 你们必须保持教室干净。
Sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等。
Can you keep him in the room ？你能让他在这个房里吗？
Keep them here. 让他们在这儿呆着。
句型32：find ＋宾语＋宾补
He finds it very hard to travel around the big city . 他发现要环游这个大城市是很难的。
句型33：... not ... anymore/ longer
The old man doesn’t travel any more. 这位老人不再旅行了。
He isn’t a thief any longer. 他不再是个贼。
句型34：What’s the weather like...？
What’s the weather like in spring in your hometown ？在你们家乡春天天气怎么样？
句型35：There is no time to do/ have no time to do
There was no time to think. 没有时间思考。
I have no time to go home for lunch. 我没有时间回家吃午饭。
句型36：Help oneself to...
Help yourself to some fish. 吃鱼吧！
句型37：used to do
I used to read this kind of story books. 我过去常读这种故事书。
句型38：borrow ... from
I borrowed a Qisu English book from him. 我从他那借了一本奇速英语书。
句型39：lend sb. sth. / lend sth. to sb.
He lent me a story book / He lent a story book to me. 他借了本故事书给我。
句型40：have been to
Have you ever been to Haw aii？你曾去过夏威夷吗？
句型41：have gone to
Where’s he？He’s gone to Washington. 他在哪儿？他去华盛顿了。
句型42：be famous for
Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches. 夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名。
句型43：No matter ＋疑问句＋主句
No matter when you come，you are welcomed. 无论你们什么时候来，都受欢迎。
句型44：be afraid（of / todo / that...）
I’m afraid not. 恐怕不能。
Don’t be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English. 当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。
句型45：... as ... as possible / ... as ... as sb can
I hope to see him as soon as possible. 我希望能尽快见到他。
He ran here as fast as he could. 他尽最大努力跑到这儿。
句型46：practise / enjoy / finish doing
A young man practised speaking English with Mr Green. 一个年青人和格林先生练习说英语。
Tom enjoys playing football very much. 汤姆很喜欢踢足球。
He finished reading the story book. 他看完了那本故事书。
句型47：It’s said that ...
It’s said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark. 据说最危险的鲨鱼之一是大白鲨。
句型48：Not all / everyone ...
Not all sharks are alike. 并不是所有的鲨鱼都一样。
Not everyone likes dumplings. 并不是每个人都喜欢饺子。
句型49：be based on
His argument is based on facts. 他的论断是以事实为根据的。
句型50：... so that ...
Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight. 把树放入洞穴中，让它立直。
句型51：be＋num. ＋metres / kilometres / years...＋long / wide / deep / high / old...
The Great Green Wall is 7，000 kilometres long. 绿色长城长7000公里。
The river is about 2 metres deep. 这条河大约有2米深。
The boy is about 12 years old . 这个男孩约12岁。
句型52：keep ... from doing
The heavy rain kept us from starting out. 大雨阻止了我们出发。
句型53：with one’s help...
With Tom’s help，I’ve come to America to study further. 在汤姆的帮助下，我来美国深造。
句型54：I don’t think ...
I don’t think any of them is interesting. 我认为他们中任何一个都无趣。
句型55：What’s the population of ...？
What’s the population of Germany ？德国的人口有多少？
句型56：prefer to do … rather than do
They prefer to buy a new one rather than repair it. 他们更喜欢买一辆新车，而不愿去修理它。
句型57：be worth (doing) …
This book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。
句型58：regard … as
They regarded their pets as members of their families. 他们把宠物视为家庭成员。
句型59：be confident of
I’m confident of success. 我确信会成功。
句型60：seem to do / seem ＋adj. / （介词短语）
He seems to be angry. 他似乎生气了。
The house seems too noisy. 这房子似乎太吵了。
句型61：be angry with / about / at（doing）
We’re all very angry with ourselves. 我们都很生自己的气。
I was angry about his decision to build a factory here. 我很生气他决定把工厂建在这儿。
I was angry at being kept waiting. 这样一直等我很生气。
句型62：pay for / pay … for
He paid for the book and went away. 他付完书款便离开了。
I paid him ￡200 for the painting. 买这幅画我付了他200英镑。